LCD TV
The acronym LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. This technology was created to replace the CRT technology. LCD TV is a significant improvement in the way pictures are displayed due to the mode of display involved.
LCD technology uses two major components to display, namely; Cold Cathode Florescent Lamps or CCFLs and molecules of liquid crystals. The CCFLs are used to illuminate the liquid molecules with white light, and as the light passes through, an image is created.
LCD TV has the following advantages over CRT TV; flat and much lighter, a higher resolution, wider viewing angle of up to 175 degrees, lower power consumption, resistant to ‘burn in’ due to static images, and are ideal for naturally lit environments. However, there are some disadvantages to this technology such as a low contrast ratio and inability to achieve true black picture quality.
Plasma TV
The shortcomings of LCD TV led to the development of Plasma Display Panel, otherwise known as Plasma TV. With this technology, images are created from gases containing neon and xenon atoms.
Plasma TV technology boasts of a rich variation of colors, due to an advanced color generation feature, that is able to generate true black picture quality.
The viewing distance and angles are also wider, ranging from 160 and up to 180 degrees, which is more than what can be achieved with LCD TV. Plasma TV also has a higher lifespan than LCD TV. The downside of this technology is that the viewing capability, especially the brightness is greatly diminished in poor lighting conditions, lower resolution, and an irreparable back light.
LED TV
A more advanced technology in television display is the LED TV. This is basically an advanced model of LCD TV, which uses Light Emitting Diodes instead of the traditional Cold Cathode Florescent Lamps for its back light.
The major advantage of using LEDs is that it eliminated the numerous black spots that were as a result of using fluorescent lights. LED TV has the best color levels and contrast ratio, hence superb picture quality that is viewable from wider angles; its power consumption is significantly lower, is shock resistant and longer lasting than its predecessors.
The only shortcoming to LED TV is that it is more expensive than LCD and Plasma TV.
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Saturday, April 23, 2011
Some psychological disorders
Hey guys, I have posted this so that you can have some knowledge about this disorders and it will surely help you guys in your life.
PANIC DISORDER: Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder in which experience recurring attacks of panic often with impending death or doom. It may last from few minute to hours. Symptoms include dizziness, sweating, h¬¬¬¬eart pain, trembling and shaking, sweating. Although they seem appear out of nowhere, but they occur aftermath of stress, prolonged emotion, specific worries and frightening. Such effects are common, but healthy people interpret their bodily reactions as passing crisis or stress whereas others see it as sign of illness or impending death.
Fears and Phobia: A Phobia is an exaggerated feeling of fear of a thing, an activity and a situation. Normal fears are generally adaptive for the species and other idiosyncratic fears arise because of classical conditioning. Whatever the source, the phobia is incapacitating for its sufferer.
Social phobia is a fear when a person tend feel anxious about the crowded places. He feels that he may speak up something which is excruciatingly humiliating or embarrassing. They sweat, tremble, nausea and overwhelming feeling of inadequacy.
Agoraphobia is the fear of being in crowded places where they are far from their attached people. Agoraphobia is often mistaken as actions associated to avoid fears.
Obsessive and compulsive disorder: Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by recurrent, persistent, unwished-for thoughts and images and they feel that they should perform certain rituals, stereotyped behavior in order to avoid it. They know that they are senseless, but they try to stop that, they anxiety starts mounting. It is due to hyper activity of certain parts of the brain. They find obsessive thoughts as repugnant or frightening. Obsessions and compulsions become disorder when they interfere with person’s life.
MAJOR DEPRESSION: The person who experiences this disorder feels that they are completely burnt out and they don’t expect anything good to happen in the future. They lose interest in their daily activities and even if a small thing goes wrong, they think that as proof of nothing good in their future. Emotionally healthy people who when passes through sadness or grieving do not see themselves as completely unlovable or worthless while affected people think losses as sign of their personal failure. They are affected emotionally, cognitively behavioral and physically which are enough to disrupt their normal life. Symptoms include difficulty in concentrating, not able to sleep properly and feeling tired all the time.
BIPOLAR DISORDER: They suddenly move from the state of melancholy to highly exhilaration, they don’t feel because they have done something but instead of feeling listless and fatigue, they feel wired. So excited, they plan for the future, they happiness arises from the delusions like solving the problems of the earth. Men and women have equal chances of getting this order and there is psychological explanation for this type of disorder, so this is associated with some abnormalities in biology. This type of disorder has serious consequences like extravagant spending on sprees, making impulsive and bad decisions.
Mark twain suffered from this type of disorder.
Theories of depression:
There are four factors which cause depression which include biological factors, cognitive thinking, life experiences and attachments. According to vulnerability stress model, personal vulnerabilities interact with stressful events to produce depression.
1) Biological factors: Studies of adopted children and twins says major depression is heritable disorder. A research in New Zealand shows that, the people who had two pair of short allele genes were highly susceptible to Major depression and who had two pair of long allele were highly resistant to depression and those who had one pair of short and other pair of long allele were in the middle when all of them went through the same stress. Genes may affect the levels of serotonin and neurotransmitters in the brain. They may also affect the production of hormone serotonin which is produced during depression which is produced in high amounts when they suffer from depression and it doesn’t shut when required damaging amygdala and hippocampus.(Area which is responsible for spatial memories which are required for safe navigation through environment)
2) LIFE EXPERIENCES AND CIRCUMSTANCES: Risk factors include separation and losses both in present and history, insecure attachment. The people who are more exposed to violence are more likely to be depressed than those who are not exposed. The reason behind women are more likely to experience depression is because of several factors like status, role and experiences. Men are likely to be married and have full time job, a combination which is good for mental health, while women have less satisfying work and less family lives than men, they are more likely to be in poverty and more likely to endure discrimination and sexual abuse all of which increase the likelihood of depression. The more children the woman has, the more likely that she may be depressed, especially if unemployed.
3) COGNITIVE ABILITIES: some specific ways of thinking about one’s situation lead to depression. Depressed people believe that they their situation is permanent and uncontrollable. So, they are expecting nothing good in the future. These kinds of beliefs come from not able to control the environment and efforts to avoid pain fail. But this theory fails as not all men who suffer from depression are not failures, It is not that people who suffer from depression are not helpless but the people who think pessimistically and hopeless about the future makes them susceptible to depression. Another cognitive bad habit associated with depression is ruminating about the things which are bad in his life and thinking alone makes them more susceptible than those who seek are trying to get help. People who ruminate are more likely to develop depression than those who do not ruminate.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: These are the disorders which stem from personality trait and which cause them to feel distress and not get along with others.
Paranoid personality disorder: It is a disorder in which a person has pervasive, unfolded suspicions, doubt of someone being loyal, mistrust, delusion about being persecuted by everyone, secretiveness and irrational jealousy.
Narcissistic personality disorder: It involves exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorbed. They demand constant attention and admiration and feel entitled for special favors without being willing to reciprocate. They are always preoccupied with fantasies of the person involving his power, intelligence and importance.
Antisocial personality disorder: Men have more chances (3%) of having this disorder than women (1%).
A person has antisocial disorder, then he satisfies atleast 3 of the 7 conditions:
They are:
1) They always break the law
2) They are deceitful using aliases and lie to con others
3) They are involved in assault or fight.
4) They lack remorse for the harm they have done to others.
5) They are reckless to avoid the rules which harm them or others.
6) They are irresponsible, failing to meet the obligations to others.
7) They are impulsive and cannot plan ahead.
One of the researchers found that, remorselessness and rule breaking tendencies start in the early age and take different forms at different stages.
CAUSES OF APD:
There should be something wrong in the wiring of the primates to have antisocial personality disorder.
Abnormality in the central nervous system: Antisocial personalities do not respond physiologically as normal people to the threat of punishment. In normal people, when they are anticipating danger there is some change in the conductance in the skin which cause them feel about the dangerous consequences. But in the antisocial personalities are slow to develop those responses which lead to the consequences of not being guilty, not able to show empathy and remorselessness.
Genetically influenced problems with impulsive control: Antisocial, hyperactive or impulsive may share a common inherited disorder involving an inability to control responses to frustration and provocation. The children of people who had impulsive, hyperactive or antisocial disorder have more chances to get antisocial disorder than normal people.
Brain damage: It may be the result of incident involving damage to the brain. The area which deals with impulsive control and planning is the prefrontal cortex.
However all pyshopaths does not have their brain damaged or because of genes. It only increases the chances of getting antisocial disorder. If the gentical or brain damage combines with the stress factor, they have chances of getting antisocial disorder.
CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTION:
Learning perspective:
It is more likely for a person to be addicted to a drug where the children is forbidden to drink but it is condoned in adult than where it is taught to drink responsibly in childhood and not allowed in adulthood. These societies do not consider them as rite of passage into adulthood, nor it is used as power of masculinity. It is considered as obnoxious or stupid.
Policies of total assistance of a drug or substance increase the addiction. Even though it decreased the rate of drinking but for the people who drank, it lead them to addiction. It becomes more demanding when it becomes scarce. So they drank a lot when they have got a chance.
Some of the people when try to get away with the substance to which they were addicted to could get nausea and abdominal pain but this was not the case for all the people.
Addiction does not depend on the drug properties rather it depends on the reason for taking it. Some people take it to function in the real world like in hospital or group drinking. But some people take it to get away from the real world like getting away like to suppress their depression or drown their sorrows.
Debating the Causes of addiction:
According to disease model, there is no such thing called former alcoholic as an addict cannot stop drinking even if he starts to drink one glass of it. According to learning model, a person can use alcohol moderately if he learns good drinking habits, avoid friends who encourage excess drinking and does other things to cope up with stress. According to first model an abuser becomes addict when he drinks from a long time leading to some changes in his body and his brain.
So, the factors which determine whether the person will learn to control drinking is on his reason for depending on alcohol, less chances who have family, job and have stable life.
On the other hand those who cannot learn to use to drink moderately because of the following factors:
1) The peers of the person may be encouraging binge drinking
2) If the society encourages excess drinking.
3) If he relies on it because he wants to suppress stress and anger.
4) If the person believes that he has no control over drug.
5) If the person has physiological vulnerability to the drug or if he has drunk from long enough to change the brain or body.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Apparent emergence of two personalities, within one person, having different memories, name, preferences and personality traits. There are two views for dissociative identity disorder, one of them says that it common but often not recognized, it emerges in the childhood when a person experiences a trauma, another personality emerges in order to cope with the stress. It is said MPD existed in them from a long time until hypnosis have revealed them.
According to another perspective, it is said that MPD are unwittingly generated by the clinicians during their interactions with their clients who have other kinds of psychological problems. It is generated through techniques of suggestive like hypnosis and power of suggestion, sometimes bordering on coercion.
Schizophrenia: It is an elusive, complex and varying in form. There are two kinds of symptoms, one of them is exaggeration of normal thinking processes and feelings called positive symptoms and the
Symptoms include:
1) Bizarre delusions
2) Hallucinations: They are false sensory experiences that feel intensely real.
3) Grossly disorganized and inappropriate disorder: the person may behave like a child or violent agitation.
4) Disorganized incoherent speech
5) Negative symptoms include poverty speech, lack of motivation and emotional flatness like poor eye contact, no change in facial expression. They completely withdraw into a private world where they stay in a certain position for long time called catatonic stupor.
Reasons for schizophrenia:
1) Genetic predisposition
2) Damage in the brain. It is more likely that a person who suffers from schizophrenia has small hippocampus, less number of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and more space in the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
3) Neurotransmitter: It was found that people who suffered from schizophrenia had abnormalities in neurotransmitters, but this is also the cause of many psychological disorders.
4) Damage to the brain in the prenatal development which may occur if the mother suffers from the malnutrition or if she is affected by an infectious virus or something that injure baby’s brain or if the baby is deprived of oxygen.
5) When the brain undergoes damage during the pruning away of synapses in brain which is said to increase the efficiency of the brain during adulthood but the person who suffers, their brain undergoes excessive pruning.
PANIC DISORDER: Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder in which experience recurring attacks of panic often with impending death or doom. It may last from few minute to hours. Symptoms include dizziness, sweating, h¬¬¬¬eart pain, trembling and shaking, sweating. Although they seem appear out of nowhere, but they occur aftermath of stress, prolonged emotion, specific worries and frightening. Such effects are common, but healthy people interpret their bodily reactions as passing crisis or stress whereas others see it as sign of illness or impending death.
Fears and Phobia: A Phobia is an exaggerated feeling of fear of a thing, an activity and a situation. Normal fears are generally adaptive for the species and other idiosyncratic fears arise because of classical conditioning. Whatever the source, the phobia is incapacitating for its sufferer.
Social phobia is a fear when a person tend feel anxious about the crowded places. He feels that he may speak up something which is excruciatingly humiliating or embarrassing. They sweat, tremble, nausea and overwhelming feeling of inadequacy.
Agoraphobia is the fear of being in crowded places where they are far from their attached people. Agoraphobia is often mistaken as actions associated to avoid fears.
Obsessive and compulsive disorder: Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by recurrent, persistent, unwished-for thoughts and images and they feel that they should perform certain rituals, stereotyped behavior in order to avoid it. They know that they are senseless, but they try to stop that, they anxiety starts mounting. It is due to hyper activity of certain parts of the brain. They find obsessive thoughts as repugnant or frightening. Obsessions and compulsions become disorder when they interfere with person’s life.
MAJOR DEPRESSION: The person who experiences this disorder feels that they are completely burnt out and they don’t expect anything good to happen in the future. They lose interest in their daily activities and even if a small thing goes wrong, they think that as proof of nothing good in their future. Emotionally healthy people who when passes through sadness or grieving do not see themselves as completely unlovable or worthless while affected people think losses as sign of their personal failure. They are affected emotionally, cognitively behavioral and physically which are enough to disrupt their normal life. Symptoms include difficulty in concentrating, not able to sleep properly and feeling tired all the time.
BIPOLAR DISORDER: They suddenly move from the state of melancholy to highly exhilaration, they don’t feel because they have done something but instead of feeling listless and fatigue, they feel wired. So excited, they plan for the future, they happiness arises from the delusions like solving the problems of the earth. Men and women have equal chances of getting this order and there is psychological explanation for this type of disorder, so this is associated with some abnormalities in biology. This type of disorder has serious consequences like extravagant spending on sprees, making impulsive and bad decisions.
Mark twain suffered from this type of disorder.
Theories of depression:
There are four factors which cause depression which include biological factors, cognitive thinking, life experiences and attachments. According to vulnerability stress model, personal vulnerabilities interact with stressful events to produce depression.
1) Biological factors: Studies of adopted children and twins says major depression is heritable disorder. A research in New Zealand shows that, the people who had two pair of short allele genes were highly susceptible to Major depression and who had two pair of long allele were highly resistant to depression and those who had one pair of short and other pair of long allele were in the middle when all of them went through the same stress. Genes may affect the levels of serotonin and neurotransmitters in the brain. They may also affect the production of hormone serotonin which is produced during depression which is produced in high amounts when they suffer from depression and it doesn’t shut when required damaging amygdala and hippocampus.(Area which is responsible for spatial memories which are required for safe navigation through environment)
2) LIFE EXPERIENCES AND CIRCUMSTANCES: Risk factors include separation and losses both in present and history, insecure attachment. The people who are more exposed to violence are more likely to be depressed than those who are not exposed. The reason behind women are more likely to experience depression is because of several factors like status, role and experiences. Men are likely to be married and have full time job, a combination which is good for mental health, while women have less satisfying work and less family lives than men, they are more likely to be in poverty and more likely to endure discrimination and sexual abuse all of which increase the likelihood of depression. The more children the woman has, the more likely that she may be depressed, especially if unemployed.
3) COGNITIVE ABILITIES: some specific ways of thinking about one’s situation lead to depression. Depressed people believe that they their situation is permanent and uncontrollable. So, they are expecting nothing good in the future. These kinds of beliefs come from not able to control the environment and efforts to avoid pain fail. But this theory fails as not all men who suffer from depression are not failures, It is not that people who suffer from depression are not helpless but the people who think pessimistically and hopeless about the future makes them susceptible to depression. Another cognitive bad habit associated with depression is ruminating about the things which are bad in his life and thinking alone makes them more susceptible than those who seek are trying to get help. People who ruminate are more likely to develop depression than those who do not ruminate.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: These are the disorders which stem from personality trait and which cause them to feel distress and not get along with others.
Paranoid personality disorder: It is a disorder in which a person has pervasive, unfolded suspicions, doubt of someone being loyal, mistrust, delusion about being persecuted by everyone, secretiveness and irrational jealousy.
Narcissistic personality disorder: It involves exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorbed. They demand constant attention and admiration and feel entitled for special favors without being willing to reciprocate. They are always preoccupied with fantasies of the person involving his power, intelligence and importance.
Antisocial personality disorder: Men have more chances (3%) of having this disorder than women (1%).
A person has antisocial disorder, then he satisfies atleast 3 of the 7 conditions:
They are:
1) They always break the law
2) They are deceitful using aliases and lie to con others
3) They are involved in assault or fight.
4) They lack remorse for the harm they have done to others.
5) They are reckless to avoid the rules which harm them or others.
6) They are irresponsible, failing to meet the obligations to others.
7) They are impulsive and cannot plan ahead.
One of the researchers found that, remorselessness and rule breaking tendencies start in the early age and take different forms at different stages.
CAUSES OF APD:
There should be something wrong in the wiring of the primates to have antisocial personality disorder.
Abnormality in the central nervous system: Antisocial personalities do not respond physiologically as normal people to the threat of punishment. In normal people, when they are anticipating danger there is some change in the conductance in the skin which cause them feel about the dangerous consequences. But in the antisocial personalities are slow to develop those responses which lead to the consequences of not being guilty, not able to show empathy and remorselessness.
Genetically influenced problems with impulsive control: Antisocial, hyperactive or impulsive may share a common inherited disorder involving an inability to control responses to frustration and provocation. The children of people who had impulsive, hyperactive or antisocial disorder have more chances to get antisocial disorder than normal people.
Brain damage: It may be the result of incident involving damage to the brain. The area which deals with impulsive control and planning is the prefrontal cortex.
However all pyshopaths does not have their brain damaged or because of genes. It only increases the chances of getting antisocial disorder. If the gentical or brain damage combines with the stress factor, they have chances of getting antisocial disorder.
CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTION:
Learning perspective:
It is more likely for a person to be addicted to a drug where the children is forbidden to drink but it is condoned in adult than where it is taught to drink responsibly in childhood and not allowed in adulthood. These societies do not consider them as rite of passage into adulthood, nor it is used as power of masculinity. It is considered as obnoxious or stupid.
Policies of total assistance of a drug or substance increase the addiction. Even though it decreased the rate of drinking but for the people who drank, it lead them to addiction. It becomes more demanding when it becomes scarce. So they drank a lot when they have got a chance.
Some of the people when try to get away with the substance to which they were addicted to could get nausea and abdominal pain but this was not the case for all the people.
Addiction does not depend on the drug properties rather it depends on the reason for taking it. Some people take it to function in the real world like in hospital or group drinking. But some people take it to get away from the real world like getting away like to suppress their depression or drown their sorrows.
Debating the Causes of addiction:
According to disease model, there is no such thing called former alcoholic as an addict cannot stop drinking even if he starts to drink one glass of it. According to learning model, a person can use alcohol moderately if he learns good drinking habits, avoid friends who encourage excess drinking and does other things to cope up with stress. According to first model an abuser becomes addict when he drinks from a long time leading to some changes in his body and his brain.
So, the factors which determine whether the person will learn to control drinking is on his reason for depending on alcohol, less chances who have family, job and have stable life.
On the other hand those who cannot learn to use to drink moderately because of the following factors:
1) The peers of the person may be encouraging binge drinking
2) If the society encourages excess drinking.
3) If he relies on it because he wants to suppress stress and anger.
4) If the person believes that he has no control over drug.
5) If the person has physiological vulnerability to the drug or if he has drunk from long enough to change the brain or body.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Apparent emergence of two personalities, within one person, having different memories, name, preferences and personality traits. There are two views for dissociative identity disorder, one of them says that it common but often not recognized, it emerges in the childhood when a person experiences a trauma, another personality emerges in order to cope with the stress. It is said MPD existed in them from a long time until hypnosis have revealed them.
According to another perspective, it is said that MPD are unwittingly generated by the clinicians during their interactions with their clients who have other kinds of psychological problems. It is generated through techniques of suggestive like hypnosis and power of suggestion, sometimes bordering on coercion.
Schizophrenia: It is an elusive, complex and varying in form. There are two kinds of symptoms, one of them is exaggeration of normal thinking processes and feelings called positive symptoms and the
Symptoms include:
1) Bizarre delusions
2) Hallucinations: They are false sensory experiences that feel intensely real.
3) Grossly disorganized and inappropriate disorder: the person may behave like a child or violent agitation.
4) Disorganized incoherent speech
5) Negative symptoms include poverty speech, lack of motivation and emotional flatness like poor eye contact, no change in facial expression. They completely withdraw into a private world where they stay in a certain position for long time called catatonic stupor.
Reasons for schizophrenia:
1) Genetic predisposition
2) Damage in the brain. It is more likely that a person who suffers from schizophrenia has small hippocampus, less number of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and more space in the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
3) Neurotransmitter: It was found that people who suffered from schizophrenia had abnormalities in neurotransmitters, but this is also the cause of many psychological disorders.
4) Damage to the brain in the prenatal development which may occur if the mother suffers from the malnutrition or if she is affected by an infectious virus or something that injure baby’s brain or if the baby is deprived of oxygen.
5) When the brain undergoes damage during the pruning away of synapses in brain which is said to increase the efficiency of the brain during adulthood but the person who suffers, their brain undergoes excessive pruning.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)